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Members Only The Innovative World of Icephobic Coatings

[…] winter rooftops, or waiting on a slow and interminably long aircraft deicing line at an airport has dreamed of having some sort of coating that would eliminate inconvenient ice and […]

Explore Coatings

[…] opportunities to industry through the Kenneth N. Edwards Western Coatings Technology Center. Visit The Program Page University of Massachusetts Amherst Department of Polymer Science & Engineering At the University of […]

BREAKING THE ICE: The Innovative World of Icephobic Coatings

[…] winter rooftops, or waiting on a slow and interminably long aircraft deicing line at an airport has dreamed of having some sort of coating that would eliminate inconvenient ice and snow accumulation. The desire to triumph over ice and snow accumulation has, in fact, been the focus of significant technical work that has been going on since the 1940s in an attempt to make all kinds of surfaces ice and snowphobic. Icephobicity is defined as the ability of a solid surface to repel ice or prevent ice-film formation due to topographical structures at the ice-surface interface. Ice-repelling characteristics are attributed to the surface structure (sometimes called surface roughness) and/or low surface energy leading to poor ice adhesion allowing for easy removal. Icephobic coatings are formulated to ensure that ice doesn’t accumulate on or strongly attach to a surface. In fact, fully functional icephobic coatings operate on several different levels. They can have the ability to repel water droplets, delay ice nucleation, and/or reduce ice adhesion. Icephobic performance is evaluated using two comparative test methods. The ice Centrifuge Adhesion Test (CAT) measures the adhesive failure between the ice and the surface–in other words, the force required to separate the ice buildup from the coating is measured. In this test, a bare aluminum reference and a coated aluminum sample are simultaneously iced by supercooled precipitation. The ice-adhesion shear stress is calculated from the ice-detachment rotation speed. The results are reported as the Adhesion Reduction Factor (ARF), which is the ratio of ice-adhesion stress on the bare aluminum and the ice adhesion stress on the coated sample. The second test method is the Static Ice Accumulation Test (SAT), which measures the amount of ice that accumulates on uncoated reference and coated substrates that are placed at angles of 45° and 80°. The results, reported as the Accumulation Reduction Factor (ACCRF), are the ratio of the ice mass on the bare reference sample over that of the coated sample. Fully functional icephobic coatings operate on several different levels. They can have the ability to repel water droplets, delay ice nucleation, and/or reduce ice adhesion. Over time, a wide range of ARF values, from 0.5 to 1000, have been reported, that correlate to interfacial stresses of 800 kPa and 0.5 kPa respectively.1 Several properties influence icephobicity. Hydrophobicity in particular prevents water droplets from attaching to and penetrating through the surface. Hydrophobicity is a function of water-contact angle. As shown in Figure 1, three levels of hydrophobicity are defined for contact angles >90°. FIGURE 1. Hydrophobicity as defined by liquid contact angle.2 Superhydrophic surfaces (Figure 2) have […]