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Members Only State Affairs Report

[…] of success in making changes, it is anticipated that the FY25 budget will contain another reform effort to the statewide paint recycling program. On the EPR front, ACA monitored comprehensive […]

The Use of Engineered Silica to Enhance Coatings

[…] This collection of particle aggregates can be disrupted by the introduction of shear, and then reform over time after the shear is removed from the system. This mechanism is the means by which fumed silica imparts pseudo-plastic rheological properties to formulations. A comparison of the different physical properties of synthetic silica is shown in Table 1. It is important to note that all of these synthetic silica types are amorphous and do not contain crystalline silica. This has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The second element of particle design is surface modification to render the hydrophilic particles hydrophobic in character. This is achieved by the reaction of the surface silanol groups with different silanes. These treatments create different grades of fumed silicas that vary in hydrophobicity, tribo-electrostatic charge, and thickening efficiency. A summary of the typical surface treatments with corresponding attributes is shown in Table 2. The level of treatment, which can be measured by carbon content and methanol wettability (Figure 4), indicates the consistency of treatment and the balance of hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface. The Multipoint Methanol Wettability method is a quantitative test method to measure the level and consistency of hydrophobic treatment. The 0.2 g of the treated silica is added to a series of graduated test tubes containing 8 ml of dilutions of methanol in water made in 5% increments, starting with 100% water, 95% water, and 5% methanol up to 100% methanol. The silica/solutions mixtures are shaken and then centrifuged under controlled and defined conditions. Depending on the level of hydrophobicity and consistency of surface treatment, the silica will wet differently into each water. Methanol mixtures and the amount of wetted silica in each solution mixture is recorded and plotted to a curve known as the methanol wettability fingerprint. Silicas requiring higher methanol amounts for wetting are more hydrophobic. Consistently treated silica shows a steep rise in wet-in, whereas a more gradual curve indicates a wider range in the consistency of treatment. Precipitated silicas can also be surface treated, typically with waxes and reactive oligomers, to improve product and formulation stability and reduce viscosity impact. The third element of particle design is structure modification via one of several proprietary processes. Granulation results in larger, individual spherical particles in the range of 20–30 μm that are porous; their main function is to act as free-flowing carriers of liquid-based actives and oils. Other chemical and mechanical post-processes reduce structure (i.e., the level of aggregation or agglomeration). Products resulting from post-processing can have significantly higher bulk densities and dramatically reduced thickening efficiency due to reduced levels of aggregation at the primary aggregate level. The functional benefit resulting from such grades are enhanced scratch and abrasion resistance, as higher loading can be achieved with minimal impact to formulation viscosity. This higher loading results in reinforced domains, which drives the scratch and abrasion resistance. Rheology and Film Formation Fumed silica, in various grades and modifications, has been used for decades in coating formulations to impart thixotropy, anti-settling, and anti-sag properties. The main requirements for good performance are proper selection and adequate dispersion to homogenously distribute aggregates throughout the coating matrix. Proper grade selection can be loosely correlated to dosage, particle size, structure, and surface treatment. Untreated, hydrophilic fumed silica grades give the best performance in non-polar environments, whereas hydrophobically modified grades, such as those treated with DDS, TMOS, and HMDS (Table 2) are more efficient as polarity increases. This trend is shown in Figure 5. Grades treated with TMOS and HMDS are highly effective for high solids and radiation-cure systems. Polydimethylsiloxane-treated grades are the most hydrophobic. This technology can also be considered in high solids and 100% solids systems, where it is very effective. However, care must be taken, as this surface modification is not fully reacted to the surface, and migration of the free PDMS may cause surface defects or adhesion problems. Proper dispersion of the fumed silica is critical to good performance. When optimizing a dispersion for thickening efficiency and rheological enhancement, several parameters should be considered including shear rate. Dispersion time, temperature control, and sequence of addition are all important. High-speed dispersion using a saw-type blade at a shear rate > 10 m/s is recommended. Longer dispersion time will not compensate for inadequate shear rate. The […]

Federal Labeling Standards for Consumer Products

[…] certainty and clarity for consumers, farmers, food producers, manufacturers, small businesses and retailers. Ingredients for Reform The growing amount of information on consumer product packaging mandated by state and local […]

Members Only Paint Council Report

[…] that will be discussed in the Stakeholder Group and in the 2020 General Assembly is reformulated gas (RFG). Several legislators are pushing repeal in order to soften the blow from […]

2018 ACA Economic Climate Survey

[…] participants forecasting a decline in the automotive sector in the year ahead. Impact of Tax Reform and Trade Policy Two major policy developments affecting the business community have rolled out […]

2017 ACA Economic Climate Survey

[…] 1 “NABE Panel Foresees Continuing GDP and Job Growth through 2018; Majority Expects Passage of Tax Reform and Infrastructure Plans by Next Year,” National Association for Business Economics, September 25, 2017. […]

2017 WCS Features Expanded Program

[…] Coatings—Trinseo LLC                                       The Use of Performance Additives in Solving Color Float Issues—Troy Corporation                        U.S. TSCA Reform: Implementation Impacts to the Coatings Industry, Innovation Drivers and Pioneering Solutions for Compliance—UL     Going […]